ENTANGLED+HISTORIES+IN+EAST+ASIA

[|Hans Stockton, PhD] Director & Associate Professor /Center for International Studies- Univ of St. Thomas

China owns approx $800B of American debt--> what drives the debt...buying from China (Chin and China Life Insurance stocks to look at)

Big issue.....value of Chinese currency to American dollar

How are the economic systems forcing social change in China (ex. 1 Child Policy)

Entangled histories between Japan, China, Russia, Korea are wrapped together

BOOK REFERENCE: [|TWO BILLION ARMPITS]

__**Acceleration of Foreign Aggression**__ . __**RESPONSE TO WESTERN INFLUENCE**__
 * Western colonialism in Asia (1521 Philippines claimed by Portugal)
 * Big push by Western powers
 * Opium wars (1839-42)- Qing dynasty on decline-- big issue in China---Qing not Chinese but Manchu---Chinese saw themselves as being occupied by a foreign power--> problem--trade imbalance; est 1 in 10 people in China were opium users; French involvement (support of colonial brethren--> 1st treaty extended most favored nation status to; Century of humiliation 1842-1949--> unequal treaties
 * Comm. Matthew Perry "Gunboat diplomacy" 1854: The Black Fleet-
 * Russians in Manchuria (1858)-- Pacific access; natural resources
 * Japan-Korea Treaty of Kanghwa (1876)-> Japan wanted to trade with Korea but the Koreans couldn't enter into a treaty with Japan b/c they were vassals of Korea; Japan's options--> go to war with China and win Korea or go into Korea and help break the relationship between the Korea-China to break the vassal relationship
 * .Chinese mantra of peaceful rise--> their history is not really one of "expansion" --> Qing dynasty is who expanded China to its modern bordersbut that was the Manchus
 * China: RESIST (Empress Dowager)--> marble boat--> PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE; RETRENCH (ex. Boxer Rebellion-- reestablish the purity of Han China--rejected Western modernity/technology--> killing rampage targeting westerners or people adopting ([|55 Days in Peking] and [|Sand Pebbles])
 * Japan: Meiji Restoration--> 2 factions "Kai ko ku" (open vs. "Jo I" (expel barbarians--admitting the need from Western knowledge meant Japanese were less than perfect--> Kai ko ku rebuttal--> adopt Western knowledge and add it to JAPANESE SPIRIT
 * Korea: Struggle for independence- 1864-1907 End of Yi Dynasty (Russia, China, America, Japan)--> remained a loyal vassal to China even though they weren't in any place to be able to protect them---> they end up getting chopped up and fought over still to this day; 1910 annexed by Japan
 * Taiwan: NO POSITION; 1895--Taiwan made a Japanese colony; [|Koxinga]/Dong Ku

__**CONSEQUENCES**__
 * China: century of humiliation/unequal treaties; internal divisions/war; 1894-95--> Sino-Japanese War; 1911 Rev & Collapse of Qing; 1912--Founding of Republic of China
 * Japan:1875 treaty opens Korea; 1895 defeats Qing (treaty of Shimonseki- get Port Arthur/Korea/Taiwan); 1904-05 defeats Czarist Russia;
 * Korea: Eulmi incident; 1905 Taft-Katsura Agreement-> Japanese agree to back off US involvement in Philippines & US backs off Korean influence in Japan; annexed Korea in 1910; Yang ban---lost support of scholar class; Japanese secret police-- Kempe

__**TOUR OF THE PACIFIC RIM: Culture, Politics, Economics**__ Juxtaposition of old and modern in Japan, China, Taiwan Count on a 20-30 year time lag

__**JAPAN**__ Sumo origins in CHina: figures from Chou Dynasty tomb Torii Gate to Shinto Shrine:

EAST ASIA: Pacific Asia by night: image---> what does it tell us?